Pumps for raising water hydraulic pumps have been known since antiquity. This relationship is expressed by the euler equation. The hydraulics and hydraulic machinery pdf notes hhm pdf notes book starts with the topics covering energy and momentum correction factors, non uniform flowdynamic equation for g. There are different types of turbines such as a pelton turbine, kaplan turbine, francis turbine, bulb turbine. Mohanty,department of mechanical engineering,iit kharagpur. F, dimensional analysisrayleighs method and buckinghams pi theoremstudy of hydraulic models, hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat. New technology for retrofitting reversible pump turbines in existing power plants. Centrifugal pump problems 5 overview of pump problems typically found on centrifugal pumps. Different types of turbines have their own ideal operating conditions. Turbines part 3 pumps, turbines video lecture by prof.
Governing equations, constant pressure operation, constant flow operation, cycle time, types of filters. Hydraulics and hydraulic machinery notes pdf hhm notes pdf. Definition of fluid machines and energy transfer in fluid machines part i lecture 2. Download ebook power plant engineering nptel power plant engineering nptel. Turbines are more efficient than pump because of favorable pressure gradients in turbines. In other words, devices for adding or extracting energy from flows. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. The positive displacement pumps can be either reciprocating type or rotary type. Pumps and turbines as mentioned before the pumps add energy to the liquid while the turbines take energy. In the case of positive displacement pumps, the fluid is physically pushed from an enclosed space. A thorough understanding of fluid flow in pumps, compressors and turbines is a prerequisite for successful operation of entire system as advances in construction and application of this equipment have presented numerous problems in everyday operation.
Why is the efficiency of a hydraulic pump less than the. The application range for ring section and volute casing pumps operating as turbines. A centrifugal pump converts driver energy to kinetic energy in a liquid by accelerating the fluid to. Turbo machines turbo machine is defined as a device that extracts energy of imparts energy to a continuously flowing stream of fluid by the dynamic action of one or more. How to make a powerful water pump using hard disk and bottle duration. A rotodynamic pump is a device where mechanical energy is transferred from the rotor to the fluid by the principle of fluid motion through it. Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers and compressors fluid machines machines are energy conversion devices are called turbomachinery which transfers energy between a fluid system and its mechanical system e. And in this section we will cover the basic equations. Characteristic curves of pumps, matching pumps to systems hea, heads, and then show some examples of pump and turbines. When the liquid in a centrifugal pump flows from the discharge outlet to the suction inlet it follows that the impeller will turn in the opposite direction. Here we give just a few examples of pumps from a range of di. Mechanical engineering introduction to fluid machines.
Ksb etanorm pumps operating as turbines in a water pumping station. The next topic in hydraulics and hydrologic systems is analysis of pumps and turbines. Their usefulness and the great and widespread use made of them in all countries has caused many excellent mechanics to work on perfecting them. Characteristic curves of pumps and turbines free download as powerpoint presentation. In order to provide a solution for above mentioned prob lems, andritz hydro has developed a new innova tive concept. Machinery fault diagnosis and signal processing by prof. The information provided in this document is given in good faith, but alfa laval is not able to accept any responsibility for the accuracy of its content, or any consequences that may arise from the use of the information supplied or materials described. Lec03 real fluid flow and efficiency of turbomachine. In order to establish deeper understanding of that concept, first some insights in the heart of the hydraulic machine are presented. Section 1 and 2 will be before and after pump or turbine respectively. Application of fluid mechanics to pumps and turbines. Types of pumps pumps come in a vast array of shapes and sizes and in a great range of designs. Pump types and characteristics, required head, cavitation. Relative velocity tangent to blade radial flow turbine absolute velocity tangent to stator.
Pumps as turbines in the water industry world pumps. Energy transfer in fluid machines part ii lecture 3. Pumps, turbines, and pipe networks, part 2 ch 11 young. In general, centrifugal pumps cannot deliver high pressure without changes in design and are not suitable for high pressure delivery at low volumes except the multistage pumps. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics chapter 12 pumps and.
Pumps, turbines and pipe networks moment of momentum revisited types of pumps and turbines and uses pumppipe systems, networks 2. The energy equation of flowing system as shown in the fig. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics chapter 12 pumps and turbines jyhcherng shieh department of bioindustrial mechatronics engineering national taiwan university. Our pumps make it both easy and very inexpensive to generate and recover.
Estimating reversible pumpturbine characteristics ms230 l76 bureau of reclamation technical re 7. Open channel flow specific energy and rapid transitions hydraulic jumps slowly varying flow open channel control structures 3. Like turbines, pumps are classified according to the main direction of fluid. The hydraulic turbines or water turbines are important hydraulic machines of the hydropower plant that convert the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. Kaplan turbines require high discharge rate along with low or medium head270m. Characteristic curves of pumps and turbines turbine. The formula may be derived from consideration of the pump geometry or by dimensional analysis. Positive displacement pumps allow liquid to flow into an open cavity trap the liquid in the pump transport liquid from the suction to discharge port mechanically force liquid out of the pump. For turbines, the work is done by the fluid on the rotor, while, in case of pump. A low cost alternative for small hydropower resources is to use pumps as turbines.
Centrifugal pumps and turbines are turbomachines which either transfer energy from a rotor to a fluid or from a fluid to a rotor. Power plants ideal regenerative rankine cycle with open feedwater heater open systems control volume axialflow hydraulic turbine compressors, pumps, and fans. Side view end view compressor of pump of pump inflow and outflow velocity triangles radial flow pump fan u. Application of momentum principle, impact of jets on plane and curved plates, turbines, classification, radial flow turbines,axial flow turbines, impulse and reaction turbines, draft tube and cavitations, performance of turbines, centrifugal pump, minimum speed to start the pump,multistage pumps, jet and submersible pumps, positive. As pitot rightly pointed out, pumps occupy the first rank among all the machines used to raise water. Applicationoriented planning documents for pumps as. Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers. Other reasons to use a pat system include that they are typically cheaper and easier to install, maintain and operate smit, 2005. It can be open and understand by the further readers. Pumps and turbines hydraulics and hydrologic systems. A mechanical connection between the pat system and one of.
Technical publications on pumps and pump turbines please find below a list of our technical publications on pumps and pump turbines for water power plants. The presentation will generally follow a framework of progressivelydecreasing speci. Design of a pump asturbine microhydro system for an. Centrifugal pumps usually dont have the capabilities of handling high pressure applications in comparison to other types of pumps, i. The specific speed is a parameter used for pumps and turbines to determine the best design to match a given pumped system. Turbomachines are mechanical devices that either extract energy from a fluid turbine or add energy to a fluid. Fluid statics, kinematics of fluid, conservation equations and analysis of finite control volume, equations of motion and mechanical energy, principles of physical similarity and dimensional analysis, flow of ideal fluids viscous incompressible flows, laminar boundary layers, turbulent flow, applications of viscous flows. It is a hydraulic machine which converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. Pumps as turbines is a practical handbook for engineers and technicians involved in designing and installing small waterpower schemes. The energy of the fluid can be sensed from the pressur and velocity of the fluid at the delivery end of the pump. Positive displacement pumps have a constant torque characteristic, whereas centrifugal pumps demonstrate variable torque characteristics.
Pumps are produced in large quantities and in various types and sizes, being available for a large domain of. The reciprocating pump is well suited for relatively small capacities and high heads. It concerns the use of standard pump units as a lowcost alternative to conventional turbines to provide standalone electricity generation for isolated houses and remote communities. Centrifugal pumps develop pressure by increasing the velocity of the liquid liquid is literally flung out of the cutwater. A rotodynamic pump is a device where mechanical energy is transferred from the. Pumps and turbines autumn 20 objectives 1 understand the role of pumps and turbines as energy conversion devices and use, appropriately, the terms head, power and efficiency. Jyhcherng shieh, department of bio industrial mechatronics engineering, national taiwan university, fundamentals of fluid mechanics, chapter 12 pumps and turbines, 2014. Performing organization name and address engineering and research center bureau of reclamation denver, co 80225 2.
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